The Estimation of Population for Metropolitan Cities and Provinces in South Korea using Nighttime Lights Intensity and Land Use Land Cover

doi:10.16879/jkca.2020.20.2.013

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2020 Vol.20, Issue 2 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

The Estimation of Population for Metropolitan Cities and Provinces in South Korea using Nighttime Lights Intensity and Land Use Land Cover 야간 인공조명 강도와 토지피복을 이용한 남한의 광역시도 인구추정: 김민호
Minho Kim; 상명대학교 공간환경학부 부교수

Associate Professor, School of Space and Environment Studies, Sangmyung University

31 August 2020. pp. 13-24

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Abstract

This research investigates the impacts of artificial lights intensity, emitted from built-up area, on population estimation utilizing SNPP VIIRS DNB and land use and land cover (LULC) data. To do so, the performance comparison of population prediction for individual metropolitan cities and provinces in South Korea was made with simple regression model (SRM) consisting of two kinds of nighttime lights (NTL) intensity derived from only built-up area and all types of LULC. The SRM of urban land use was found to be superior to that of all LULC types in terms of positive correlation, model fit, statistical significance, and population prediction results. Nonetheless, according to regression diagnotics, this model was hard to satisfy the basic assumption of linearity. Therefore, it was required to refine the current model with either the adoption of polynomial or the transformation of variables to predict population in future research.

Keywords

SNPP VIIRS DNB

Built-up area

Artificial lights intensity

Population estimation

Positive correlation

본 연구는 SNPP VIIRS DNB 영상자료와 토지피복도를 활용하여 시가지에서 방출된 야간 인공조명 강도가 인구예측에 미치는 영향을 고찰한다. 이를 위해 시가지 피복 또는 모든 피복유형에 해당하는 화소의 인공조명 강도를 각각 도출한 후 이들을 설명변수로 구성한 단순회귀모형에 기반한 남한 광역시도의 인구추정 결과를 비교했다. 시가화 건조지역만을 고려한 모형의 정적 상관성, 모형의 적합도 및 회귀계수의 통계적 유의성뿐만 아니라 인구예측 결과는 모든 피복유형을 포함한 모형보다 우수했다. 그러나 진단 결과에 따르면 이 모형은 선형성 기본 가정을 충족하기 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 연구에서는 다항식의 적용 또는 변수의 변환에 기초한 모형 정교화를 통해 인구를 예측할 필요성이 제기된다.

키워드

SNPP VIIRS DNB

시가지

인공조명 강도

인구추정

정적 상관성

References

고성진, 2012, “세종시 첫마을 90% 입주, 광역도로망 속속 개통,” 나라경제, 12월호, KDI 경제정보센터.
김근한･김오석･정휘철, 2016, “접근불능지역의 중분류 토지피복도 구축 방안,” 한국지도학회지, 16(3), 49-61.10.16879/jkca.2016.16.3.049
김민호, 2019, “DMSP/OLS와 SNPP/VIIRS DNB 야간영상을 이용한 광역시도와 시군구 인구추정비교,” 국토지리학회지, 53(3), 311-320.
김민호, 2020a, “북한 지역의 SNPP VIIRS DNB 야간영상에 나타난 이례적 복사도 분포의 시공간적 특성,” 한국지도학회지, 20(1), 81-92.10.16879/jkca.2020.20.1.081
김민호, 2020b, “VIIRS DNB 야간영상자료 복사 휘도의 시공간적 특성: 남한지역을 사례로,” 국토지리학회지, 54(1), 1-12.
김민호･조영국, 2019, “DMSP-OLS 야간영상자료를 이용한 접경지역의 경제성장과 시가지 면적의 시계열 변화 패턴 추정: 중국 지린성을 사례로,” 한국경제지리학회지, 22(4), 458-471.
김오석, 2014, “시계열 원격탐사 기법을 이용한 도시 식별 연구,” 한국지도학회지, 14(2), 119-126.
유수홍･한수희･허준･손홍규, 2011, “DMSP-OLS 야간 영상을 이용한 인구 추정 모델 변수 선정 연구,” 대한원격탐사학회지, 27(1), 69-74.10.7780/kjrs.2011.27.1.069
이희연･노승철, 2017, ｢고급통계분석론 – 이론과 실습(제2판)｣, 서울:문우사.
Bagan, H., and Yamagata, Y., 2015, Analysis of urban growth and estimating population density using satellite images of nighttime lights and land-use and population data, GIScience & Remote Sensing, 52(6), 765-780.10.1080/15481603.2015.1072400
Bustos, M.F.A., Hall, O., and Andersson, M., 2015, Nighttime lights and population changes in 1992- 2012, Ambio, 44, 653-665.10.1007/s13280-015-0646-825773533PMC4591227
Checa, J., and nello, O., 2018, Urban intensities – The Urbanization of the Iberian Mediterranean Coast in the light of nighttime satellite images of the Earth, Urban Science, 2(4), 115.10.3390/urbansci2040115
Croft, T.A., 1978 Nighttime images of the earth from space, Scientific American, 239, 68-79.10.1038/scientificamerican0778-86
Elvidge, C.D., Baugh, K., ZhiZhin, M., Hsu, F., and Ghosh, T., 2017, VIIRS night-time lights, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 38(21), 5860-5879.10.1080/01431161.2017.1342050
Huang, Q., Yang, Y., Li, Y., and Gao, B., 2016, A simulation study on the urban population of China based on nighttime light data acquired from DMSP/OLS, Sustainability, 8, 521.10.3390/su8060521
Jing, X., Shao, X., Cao, C., Fu, X., and Yan, L., 2016, Comparison between Suomi-NPP Day-Night Band and DMSP-OLS for correlating socio-economic variables at the provincial level in China, Remote Sensing, 8, 17.10.3390/rs8010017
La, Y., Bagan, H., and Takeuchi, W., 2019, Explore urban population distribution using nighttime lights, land-use/land-cover and population census data, IGARSS 2019 – 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remot Sensing Symposium, July 28–August 2, Yokohama, Japan, 1554-1557.10.1109/IGARSS.2019.8900448
Levin, N., and Zhang, Q., 2017, A global analysis of factors controlling VIIRS nighttime light levels from densely populated areas, Remote Sensing of Environment, 190, 366-382.10.1016/j.rse.2017.01.006
Lin, J. and Shi, W., 2020, Statistical correlation between monthly electric power consumption and VIIRS nighttime light, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(1), 32.10.3390/ijgi9010032
Liu, Z., He, C., Zhang, Q., Huang, Q., and Yang, Y., 2012, Extracting the dynamics of urban expansions in China using DMSP-OLS nighttime light data from 1992 to 2008, Landscape Urban Planning, 106(1), 62-72.10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.02.013
Miller S.D., Mills, S.P., Elvidge, C.D., Lindsey D.T., Lee, T.F., and Hawkins, J.D., 2012, Suomi satellite brings to light a unique frontier of nighttime environment sensing capabilities, PNAS, 109(39), 15706-15711.10.1073/pnas.120703410922984179PMC3465370
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), 2014, Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Imagery Environmental Data Record (EDR) User’s Guide (Version 1.1), Department of Commerce, United States.
Nordbeck, 1965, The law of allometric growth, Michigan Inter-University Community of Mathematical Geographers, Discussion Paper 7.
Patino, J.E., and Duque, J.C., 2013, A review of regional science applications of satellite remote sensing in urban settings, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 37, 1-17.10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2012.06.003
Shi, K., Yu, B., Huang, Y., Hu, Y., Yin, B., Chen, Z., Chen, L., and Wu, J., 2014, Evaluating the ability of NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data to estimate the gross domestic product and the electric power consumption of China at multiple scales: a comparison with DMSP-OLS data, Remote Sensing, 6, 1705-1724.10.3390/rs6021705
Sutton, P., Roberts, D., Elvidge, C., and Baugh, K., 2001, Census from Heaven: an estimate of the global human population using night-time satellite imagery, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22(16), 3061-3076.10.1080/01431160010007015
Tobler, W., 1969, Satellite confirmation of settlement size coefficients, Area, 1, 30-34.10.3133/ofr692855757104
Townsend, A.C., and Bruce, D.A., 2010, The use of night-time lights satellite imagery as a measure of Australia’s regional electricity consumption and population estimation, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31, 4459-4480.10.1080/01431160903261005
Yao, Y., Chen, D., Chen, L., Wang, H., and Gua, Q., 2018, A time series of urban extent in China using DMSP/OLS nighttime light data, PLoS ONE, 13(5), e0198189, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0198189.10.1371/journal. pone.0198189.
Yi, K., Zeng, Y., and Wu, B., 2016, Mapping and evaluation the process, pattern and potential of urban growth in China, Applied Geography, 71, 44-55.10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.04.011

Information

Publisher :The Korean Cartographic Association
Publisher(Ko) :한국지도학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지도학회지
Volume : 20
No :2
Pages :13-24
DOI :https://doi.org/10.16879/jkca.2020.20.2.013

[1] 고성진, 2012, “세종시 첫마을 90% 입주, 광역도로망 속속 개통,” 나라경제, 12월호, KDI 경제정보센터.

[2] 김근한･김오석･정휘철, 2016, “접근불능지역의 중분류 토지피복도 구축 방안,” 한국지도학회지, 16(3), 49-61.10.16879/jkca.2016.16.3.049

[3] 김민호, 2019, “DMSP/OLS와 SNPP/VIIRS DNB 야간영상을 이용한 광역시도와 시군구 인구추정비교,” 국토지리학회지, 53(3), 311-320.

[4] 김민호, 2020a, “북한 지역의 SNPP VIIRS DNB 야간영상에 나타난 이례적 복사도 분포의 시공간적 특성,” 한국지도학회지, 20(1), 81-92.10.16879/jkca.2020.20.1.081

[5] 김민호, 2020b, “VIIRS DNB 야간영상자료 복사 휘도의 시공간적 특성: 남한지역을 사례로,” 국토지리학회지, 54(1), 1-12.

[6] 김민호･조영국, 2019, “DMSP-OLS 야간영상자료를 이용한 접경지역의 경제성장과 시가지 면적의 시계열 변화 패턴 추정: 중국 지린성을 사례로,” 한국경제지리학회지, 22(4), 458-471.

[7] 김오석, 2014, “시계열 원격탐사 기법을 이용한 도시 식별 연구,” 한국지도학회지, 14(2), 119-126.

[8] 유수홍･한수희･허준･손홍규, 2011, “DMSP-OLS 야간 영상을 이용한 인구 추정 모델 변수 선정 연구,” 대한원격탐사학회지, 27(1), 69-74.10.7780/kjrs.2011.27.1.069

[9] 이희연･노승철, 2017, ｢고급통계분석론 – 이론과 실습(제2판)｣, 서울:문우사.

[10] Bagan, H., and Yamagata, Y., 2015, Analysis of urban growth and estimating population density using satellite images of nighttime lights and land-use and population data, GIScience & Remote Sensing, 52(6), 765-780.10.1080/15481603.2015.1072400

[11] Bustos, M.F.A., Hall, O., and Andersson, M., 2015, Nighttime lights and population changes in 1992- 2012, Ambio, 44, 653-665.10.1007/s13280-015-0646-825773533PMC4591227

[12] Checa, J., and nello, O., 2018, Urban intensities – The Urbanization of the Iberian Mediterranean Coast in the light of nighttime satellite images of the Earth, Urban Science, 2(4), 115.10.3390/urbansci2040115

[13] Croft, T.A., 1978 Nighttime images of the earth from space, Scientific American, 239, 68-79.10.1038/scientificamerican0778-86

[14] Elvidge, C.D., Baugh, K., ZhiZhin, M., Hsu, F., and Ghosh, T., 2017, VIIRS night-time lights, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 38(21), 5860-5879.10.1080/01431161.2017.1342050

[15] Huang, Q., Yang, Y., Li, Y., and Gao, B., 2016, A simulation study on the urban population of China based on nighttime light data acquired from DMSP/OLS, Sustainability, 8, 521.10.3390/su8060521

[16] Jing, X., Shao, X., Cao, C., Fu, X., and Yan, L., 2016, Comparison between Suomi-NPP Day-Night Band and DMSP-OLS for correlating socio-economic variables at the provincial level in China, Remote Sensing, 8, 17.10.3390/rs8010017

[17] La, Y., Bagan, H., and Takeuchi, W., 2019, Explore urban population distribution using nighttime lights, land-use/land-cover and population census data, IGARSS 2019 – 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remot Sensing Symposium, July 28–August 2, Yokohama, Japan, 1554-1557.10.1109/IGARSS.2019.8900448

[18] Levin, N., and Zhang, Q., 2017, A global analysis of factors controlling VIIRS nighttime light levels from densely populated areas, Remote Sensing of Environment, 190, 366-382.10.1016/j.rse.2017.01.006

[19] Lin, J. and Shi, W., 2020, Statistical correlation between monthly electric power consumption and VIIRS nighttime light, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(1), 32.10.3390/ijgi9010032

[20] Liu, Z., He, C., Zhang, Q., Huang, Q., and Yang, Y., 2012, Extracting the dynamics of urban expansions in China using DMSP-OLS nighttime light data from 1992 to 2008, Landscape Urban Planning, 106(1), 62-72.10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.02.013

[21] Miller S.D., Mills, S.P., Elvidge, C.D., Lindsey D.T., Lee, T.F., and Hawkins, J.D., 2012, Suomi satellite brings to light a unique frontier of nighttime environment sensing capabilities, PNAS, 109(39), 15706-15711.10.1073/pnas.120703410922984179PMC3465370

[22] NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), 2014, Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Imagery Environmental Data Record (EDR) User’s Guide (Version 1.1), Department of Commerce, United States.

[23] Nordbeck, 1965, The law of allometric growth, Michigan Inter-University Community of Mathematical Geographers, Discussion Paper 7.

[24] Patino, J.E., and Duque, J.C., 2013, A review of regional science applications of satellite remote sensing in urban settings, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 37, 1-17.10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2012.06.003

[25] Shi, K., Yu, B., Huang, Y., Hu, Y., Yin, B., Chen, Z., Chen, L., and Wu, J., 2014, Evaluating the ability of NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data to estimate the gross domestic product and the electric power consumption of China at multiple scales: a comparison with DMSP-OLS data, Remote Sensing, 6, 1705-1724.10.3390/rs6021705

[26] Sutton, P., Roberts, D., Elvidge, C., and Baugh, K., 2001, Census from Heaven: an estimate of the global human population using night-time satellite imagery, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22(16), 3061-3076.10.1080/01431160010007015

[27] Tobler, W., 1969, Satellite confirmation of settlement size coefficients, Area, 1, 30-34.10.3133/ofr692855757104

[28] Townsend, A.C., and Bruce, D.A., 2010, The use of night-time lights satellite imagery as a measure of Australia’s regional electricity consumption and population estimation, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31, 4459-4480.10.1080/01431160903261005

[29] Yao, Y., Chen, D., Chen, L., Wang, H., and Gua, Q., 2018, A time series of urban extent in China using DMSP/OLS nighttime light data, PLoS ONE, 13(5), e0198189, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0198189.10.1371/journal. pone.0198189.

[30] Yi, K., Zeng, Y., and Wu, B., 2016, Mapping and evaluation the process, pattern and potential of urban growth in China, Applied Geography, 71, 44-55.10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.04.011

Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association ISSN:1598-6160(Print) 한국지도학회지

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