Geographical Analysis of Spatial Description of the Edgar Allan Poe's Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym

doi:10.16879/jkca.2019.19.3.043

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2019 Vol.19, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

Geographical Analysis of Spatial Description of the Edgar Allan Poe's Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym 애드거 앨런 포의 소설 ｢아서 고든 핌 이야기｣의 공간묘사에 대한 지리학적 분석: 정인철
In-Chul Jung; 부산대학교 사범대학 지리교육과 교수

Professor, Department of Geography Education, College of Education, Pusan National University

31 December 2019. pp. 43~56

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to consider the spatial description of Poe's The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, from a geographic point of view. To do this, we first looked at the geographic content mentioned in the novel in chronological order. Secondly, the spatial context of the citation of Antarctic exploration data was examined through contemporary published maps. Third, the route of sailing over the Antarctic Circle is displayed on the map published in the same period, and the spatial context of the route is examined. Fourth, the source and citation intentions of the geographic data Poe used were analyzed. Finally we considered the relationship between the white curtain of the South mentioned at the end of the novel and Hollow earth theory. The results confirm that the spatial description of the novel is based on Symmes’ hollow earth theory and Morrell's journal.

Keywords

Edgar Allen Poe

Hollow earth theory

South pole

John Cleves Symmes Jr.

Benjamin Morrell

이 연구의 목적은 애드거 앨런 포의 소설 ｢아서 고든 핌 이야기｣의 공간묘사에 대해 지리학적 관점에서 고찰하는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 소설에 언급된 지리적 내용을 항해가 진행되는 시간 순으로 살펴보았다. 둘째, 동시대에 간행된 지도를 통해 남극 탐사 자료를 인용하는 부분의 공간적 맥락을 살펴보았다. 셋째, 남극권을 넘어 항해하는 경로를 지도 상에 표시하고, 항해경로의 공간적 맥락을 살펴보았다. 넷째, 포가 활용한 지리적 자료의 출처와 인용 의도를 분석했다. 마지막으로 소설의 말미에 언급된 남극의 하얀 장막과 지구공동설과의 관련성을 살펴보았다. 연구결과 심스의 지구공동설과 모렐의 항해기를 모티브로 공간묘사가 이루어졌음을 확인했다.

키워드

애드거 앨런 포

지구공동설

남극

존 클리버 심스

벤자민 모렐

References

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손일, 2012, “1570년대 잉글랜드의 북방항로 개척과 지리학의 기여-존 디를 중심으로-,” 한국지도학회지, 12(1), 63-84.
손일, 2014, ｢네모에 담은 지도｣, 서울: 푸른길.
신정엽, 2016, “구글 매쉬업을 이용한 문학 작품의 지리정보 서비스: 괴테의 이탈리아 여행을 사례로,” 한국지도학회지, 16(1), 27-39.10.16879/jkca.2016.16.1.027
신정엽, 2017, “박지원의 ｢열하일기｣에 대한 인터넷 기반 지리정보 분석 및 서비스,” 한국지도학회지, 17(1), 103-120.10.16879/jkca.2017.17.1.103
양석원, 2006, “살인의 진실: 에드거 앨런 포우와 미국의 인종담론,” 근대영미소설, 13(1), 193-218.
이은숙, 1992, “문학지리학 서설-지리학과 문학의 만남,” 문화역사지리, 4, 148-165.
이종민, 2006, “끊임없는 반전: 포우의 ｢아더 고든 핌 이야기｣ 연구,” 현대영어영문학, 50(1), 79-103.
전승희 역, 2017, ｢아서 고든 핌의 이야기｣, 파주: 창비. (Poe, E.A., 1938, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket, New York: Harper & Brothers.)
천병희, 2006, ｢오딧세이아｣, 고양: 도서출판 숲.
홍성영 역, 2002, ｢우울과 몽상: 에드거 앨런 포 소설 전집｣, 서울: 하늘연못. (Poe, E.A., 1966, Complete Stories of Edgar Allan Poe, New York: Doubleday.)
Auden, W.H., 1956, Selected Prose and Poetry/Edgar Allan Poe, New York :Rinehart.
American Seamen's Friend Society, 1834, A new continent, The Sailor’s Magazine, and Naval Journal, 6, 321.
Bailey, J.O., 1942, Sources for Poe's Arthur Gordon Pym, “Hans Pfaal,” and other pieces, PLMA (Modern Language Association), 57(2), 513-535.10.2307/458789
Bailey, J.O., 1948, The Geography of Poe's “Dream- Land” and “Ulalume”, Studies in Philology, 45(3), 512-523.
Berressem, H., 2012, Concave conceits: The hollow earth in Poe, Rucker and Pynchon, in Berressem, H., Bucher, M., and Schwagmeier, U., eds, Between Science and Fiction: The Hollow Earth as Concept and Conceit, Münster: Lit Verlag, 265-312.
Gardner, J., 1998, Master Plots: Race and the Founding of an American Literature, 1787-1845, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Giles, P., 2013, Antipodean America: Australasia and the Constitution of U.S. Literature, Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199301560.001.0001
Griffin, D.A., 2004, Hollow and habitable within: Symmes's theory of Earth's internal structure and polar geography, Physical Geography, 25(5), 382-397.10.2747/0272-3646.25.5.382
Humboldt, A., 1864, Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe, London: Henry G. Bohn.
Jones, D., 2010, Ultima thule: Arthur Gordon Pym, the polar imaginary, and the hollow earth, Edgar Allan Poe Review, 11(1), 51-69.
Kingston, W.H.G., 1870, At the South Pole; or, The Adventures of Richard Pengelley, Mariner, London: Cassell, Petter & Galpin.
Kollerstrom, N., 1992, The Hollow World of Edmond Halley, Journal for History of Astronomy, 23, 185-192.10.1177/00218286920230030
Kroonenberg, S., 2013, Why Hell Stinks of Sulfur: Mythology and Geology of the Underworld, London: Reaktion Books.
Lang, H.J. and Lease, B., 1975, The authorship of symzonia: The case for Nathaniel Ames, New England Quarterly, 48, 241-52.10.2307/364661
Leane, E., 2012, Antarctica in Fiction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139107839
Ljungquist, K., 1976, Poe's Nubian Geographer, American Literature, 48(1), 73-75. 10.2307/2925315
MacBride, J. and Symmes, J.C., 1826, Symmes's Theory of Concentric Spheres: Demonstrating that the Earth is Hollow, Habitable within, and Widely Open about the Poles. By a Citizen of the United States, Cincinnati: Morgan, Lodge and Fisher.
Moldenhauer, J.J., 1992, Pym: the Dighton Rock and the matter of Vinland, in Kopley, R., eds, Poe’s Pym: Critical Explanations, London: Duke University Press, 75-94.10.1215/9780822397601-007
Morrell, B., 1832, A Narrative of Four Voyages to the South Sea, North and South Pacific Ocean, Chinese Sea, Ethiopic and Southern Atlantic Ocean, Indian and Antarctic Ocean, from the Year 1822 to 1831, New York: J & J Harper.
Murphy, G., 2003, Symzonia, Typee, and the Dream of U.S. Global Isolation, ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance, 49(4), 249-283.10.1353/esq.2010.0001
Poe, E.A., 1837, South Sea Expedition, Southern Literary Messenger, 3(1), 68-72.
Poe, E.A., 1838, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket, New York: Harper & Brothers.
Reynolds, J.N., 1827, Remarks on a Review of Symmes’ Theory, Washington: Gales & Seaton.
Reynolds, J.N., 1836, Address on the Subject of a Surveying and Exploring Expedition to the Pacific Ocean and South Seas: Delivered in the Hall of Representatives on the Evening of April 3, 1836, New York: Harper and Bros.
Rowe, J.C., 1992, Poe, Antebellum Slavery, and Modern Criticism, in Kopley, R., eds, Poe’s Pym: critical explanations, London: Duke University Press, 117-140.10.1215/9780822397601-010
Seaborn, A., 1820, Symzonia: A Voyage of Discovery, New York: J. Seymour.
Simpson-Housley, P., 1992, Antarctica: exploration, perception, and metaphor, London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203309070
Spate, O.H.K., 1988, Paradise found and lost, London: Routledge.
Symmes, A., 1887, John Cleves Symmes, the theorist, Southern Bivouac, 2, 555–566, 621–631, and 682–693.
Symmes, J.C., 1818, Circular No. 1, St. Louis, Privately Published.
Symmes, A. and Symmes, J.C., 1878, Symmes's theory of concentric spheres: demonstrating that the earth is hollow, habitable within, and widely open about the poles, Louisville: Bradley & Gilbert.
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프랑스 국립도서관, http://www.bnf.fr
David Rumsey Map Collection, https://www.davidru msey.com

Information

Publisher :The Korean Cartographic Association
Publisher(Ko) :한국지도학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지도학회지
Volume : 19
No :3
Pages :43~56
DOI :https://doi.org/10.16879/jkca.2019.19.3.043

[1] 민경택, 2013, “포우의 ｢낸터킷의 아서 고든 핌의 이야기｣: 자전적인 삶과 정체성 탐색의 여행,” 영미문학, 13(3), 97-118.

[2] 바른번역 역, 2015, ｢에드거 앨런 포 소설 전집 1 미스터리 편｣, 서울: 코너스톤.

[3] 손일, 2012, “1570년대 잉글랜드의 북방항로 개척과 지리학의 기여-존 디를 중심으로-,” 한국지도학회지, 12(1), 63-84.

[4] 손일, 2014, ｢네모에 담은 지도｣, 서울: 푸른길.

[5] 신정엽, 2016, “구글 매쉬업을 이용한 문학 작품의 지리정보 서비스: 괴테의 이탈리아 여행을 사례로,” 한국지도학회지, 16(1), 27-39.10.16879/jkca.2016.16.1.027

[6] 신정엽, 2017, “박지원의 ｢열하일기｣에 대한 인터넷 기반 지리정보 분석 및 서비스,” 한국지도학회지, 17(1), 103-120.10.16879/jkca.2017.17.1.103

[7] 양석원, 2006, “살인의 진실: 에드거 앨런 포우와 미국의 인종담론,” 근대영미소설, 13(1), 193-218.

[8] 이은숙, 1992, “문학지리학 서설-지리학과 문학의 만남,” 문화역사지리, 4, 148-165.

[9] 이종민, 2006, “끊임없는 반전: 포우의 ｢아더 고든 핌 이야기｣ 연구,” 현대영어영문학, 50(1), 79-103.

[10] 전승희 역, 2017, ｢아서 고든 핌의 이야기｣, 파주: 창비. (Poe, E.A., 1938, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket, New York: Harper & Brothers.)

[11] 천병희, 2006, ｢오딧세이아｣, 고양: 도서출판 숲.

[12] 홍성영 역, 2002, ｢우울과 몽상: 에드거 앨런 포 소설 전집｣, 서울: 하늘연못. (Poe, E.A., 1966, Complete Stories of Edgar Allan Poe, New York: Doubleday.)

[13] Auden, W.H., 1956, Selected Prose and Poetry/Edgar Allan Poe, New York :Rinehart.

[14] American Seamen's Friend Society, 1834, A new continent, The Sailor’s Magazine, and Naval Journal, 6, 321.

[15] Bailey, J.O., 1942, Sources for Poe's Arthur Gordon Pym, “Hans Pfaal,” and other pieces, PLMA (Modern Language Association), 57(2), 513-535.10.2307/458789

[16] Bailey, J.O., 1948, The Geography of Poe's “Dream- Land” and “Ulalume”, Studies in Philology, 45(3), 512-523.

[17] Berressem, H., 2012, Concave conceits: The hollow earth in Poe, Rucker and Pynchon, in Berressem, H., Bucher, M., and Schwagmeier, U., eds, Between Science and Fiction: The Hollow Earth as Concept and Conceit, Münster: Lit Verlag, 265-312.

[18] Gardner, J., 1998, Master Plots: Race and the Founding of an American Literature, 1787-1845, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

[19] Giles, P., 2013, Antipodean America: Australasia and the Constitution of U.S. Literature, Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199301560.001.0001

[20] Griffin, D.A., 2004, Hollow and habitable within: Symmes's theory of Earth's internal structure and polar geography, Physical Geography, 25(5), 382-397.10.2747/0272-3646.25.5.382

[21] Humboldt, A., 1864, Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe, London: Henry G. Bohn.

[22] Jones, D., 2010, Ultima thule: Arthur Gordon Pym, the polar imaginary, and the hollow earth, Edgar Allan Poe Review, 11(1), 51-69.

[23] Kingston, W.H.G., 1870, At the South Pole; or, The Adventures of Richard Pengelley, Mariner, London: Cassell, Petter & Galpin.

[24] Kollerstrom, N., 1992, The Hollow World of Edmond Halley, Journal for History of Astronomy, 23, 185-192.10.1177/00218286920230030

[25] Kroonenberg, S., 2013, Why Hell Stinks of Sulfur: Mythology and Geology of the Underworld, London: Reaktion Books.

[26] Lang, H.J. and Lease, B., 1975, The authorship of symzonia: The case for Nathaniel Ames, New England Quarterly, 48, 241-52.10.2307/364661

[27] Leane, E., 2012, Antarctica in Fiction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139107839

[28] Ljungquist, K., 1976, Poe's Nubian Geographer, American Literature, 48(1), 73-75. 10.2307/2925315

[29] MacBride, J. and Symmes, J.C., 1826, Symmes's Theory of Concentric Spheres: Demonstrating that the Earth is Hollow, Habitable within, and Widely Open about the Poles. By a Citizen of the United States, Cincinnati: Morgan, Lodge and Fisher.

[30] Moldenhauer, J.J., 1992, Pym: the Dighton Rock and the matter of Vinland, in Kopley, R., eds, Poe’s Pym: Critical Explanations, London: Duke University Press, 75-94.10.1215/9780822397601-007

[31] Morrell, B., 1832, A Narrative of Four Voyages to the South Sea, North and South Pacific Ocean, Chinese Sea, Ethiopic and Southern Atlantic Ocean, Indian and Antarctic Ocean, from the Year 1822 to 1831, New York: J & J Harper.

[32] Murphy, G., 2003, Symzonia, Typee, and the Dream of U.S. Global Isolation, ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance, 49(4), 249-283.10.1353/esq.2010.0001

[33] Poe, E.A., 1837, South Sea Expedition, Southern Literary Messenger, 3(1), 68-72.

[34] Poe, E.A., 1838, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket, New York: Harper & Brothers.

[35] Reynolds, J.N., 1827, Remarks on a Review of Symmes’ Theory, Washington: Gales & Seaton.

[36] Reynolds, J.N., 1836, Address on the Subject of a Surveying and Exploring Expedition to the Pacific Ocean and South Seas: Delivered in the Hall of Representatives on the Evening of April 3, 1836, New York: Harper and Bros.

[37] Rowe, J.C., 1992, Poe, Antebellum Slavery, and Modern Criticism, in Kopley, R., eds, Poe’s Pym: critical explanations, London: Duke University Press, 117-140.10.1215/9780822397601-010

[38] Seaborn, A., 1820, Symzonia: A Voyage of Discovery, New York: J. Seymour.

[39] Simpson-Housley, P., 1992, Antarctica: exploration, perception, and metaphor, London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203309070

[40] Spate, O.H.K., 1988, Paradise found and lost, London: Routledge.

[41] Symmes, A., 1887, John Cleves Symmes, the theorist, Southern Bivouac, 2, 555–566, 621–631, and 682–693.

[42] Symmes, J.C., 1818, Circular No. 1, St. Louis, Privately Published.

[43] Symmes, A. and Symmes, J.C., 1878, Symmes's theory of concentric spheres: demonstrating that the earth is hollow, habitable within, and widely open about the poles, Louisville: Bradley & Gilbert.

[44] Weaver, J., 2012, Mr. Poe's Indians: The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket and Edgar Allan Poe as a Southern Writer, Native South, 5, 38-60.10.1353/nso.2012.0005

[45] Zirkle. C., 1947, The Theory of Concentric Spheres: Edmund Halley, Cotton Mather, & John Cleves Symmes, Isis, 37(3-4), 155-159.10.1086/348022

[46] 프랑스 국립도서관, http://www.bnf.fr

[47] David Rumsey Map Collection, https://www.davidru msey.com

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